Production, storage, and destination of seafood industry waste in five states of Brazil / Produção, armazenagem e destinação do resíduo da industrialização de pescado em cinco estados brasileiros

Large quantities of waste are generated throughout the seafood supply chain. Although this material has a great potential for use (e.g. pharmaceutical industry, animal feed production), if not managed properly it represents an environmental risk. In order to meet the volume, destination, and method of storage of waste of Brazilian seafood supply chain, we got information from 29 companies that have Official Veterinary Inspection (SIF). After the industrialization of seafood only 44% on average of the total raw material is used for human consumption and 59.2% of the unused portion is discarded in landfill.(AU)

Grandes quantidades de resíduo são geradas ao longo da cadeia produtiva do pescado. Embora este material apresente um grande potencial de aproveitamento (e.g. indústria farmacêutica, produção de ração), se não for corretamente destinado, representa risco ambiental. A fim de conhecer o volume, a destinação e o método de armazenamento do resíduo produzido pela indústria do pescado no Brasil, 29 empresas de processamento de pescado, sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), foram estudadas em todo o país. Identificou-se que cerca de 44% do total produzido é matériaprima utilizada para consumo humano, e 59,2% representa resíduo sem finalidade útil, descartado em lixões.(AU)

Effects of Dietary Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisia) Supplementation in Practical Diets of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

A 51-day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of various dietary levels of brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the growth performance, body composition and nutrient utilization in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles. Fish (7.6 ± 0.3 g) were stocked into eighteen 1,000-L tanks (100 fish per tank; n = 3) and fed to apparent satiation six isonitrogenous (27% crude protein) and isoenergetic (19 kJ/g) diets, formulated to contain different dried yeast levels (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% or 40% diet) in substitution to fishmeal. Body weight tripled at the end of the feeding trial for fish fed up to 20% dietary yeast incorporation. Daily growth coefficient (DGC, % body weight/day) decreased with increasing dietary yeast level (P < 0.0001). Voluntary feed intake (VFI, %BW/day) did not vary significantly with increasing yeast level. Fish fed 40% yeast showed significant reduction in protein efficiency rate, protein retention and nitrogen gain. Increasing levels of dietary yeast did not significantly affect protein or lipid digestibility. Dietary dried yeast was seemingly palatable to tilapia juveniles and was suitable up to 15% inclusion to promote growth and efficient diet utilization, without affecting body composition.

Fish silage in black bass (Micropterus Salmoides) feed as an alternative to fish meal

The objective of this study was to use the residues of fermented sardine to elaborate the acid fish silage and its use in feed for aquaculture. Biological assay was performed by feeding largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fingerlings (initial weight 22g), with extruded diets (41 percent crude protein; 3,600 kcal/kg digestible energy) containing 0.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, or 15.0 percent of fish silage in partial substitution to the fish meal. The feed conversion ratio and weight gain for the treatments were: 1.26 and 15.76g; 1.11 and 17.07g; 1.19 and 17.81g; 1.18 and 19.83g; 1.47 and 14.64g, respectively. No significant differences (P<0.05) were detected among the treatments. Results indicated that it was possible to use up to 15 percent of acid fish silage as partial substitute for fish meal in the formulation of carnivorous fish feed.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a utilização de resíduos de sardinha fermentada para elaboração de silagem química e sua utilização em rações para aquacultura. Foi realizado ensaio de ganho de peso utilizando juvenis de "black bass" (Micropterus salmoides), com peso inicial de 22 gramas, onde utilizou-se rações extrusadas (41 por cento de proteína bruta, 3.600 kcal/kg de energia digestível) contendo 0,0; 7,5; 10,0; 12,5; 15,0 por cento de silagem em substituição à farinha de peixe. A composição química da silagem de pescado (matéria seca) apresentou valores de proteína bruta de 28,47 g 100g-1; lipídeo 8,24 g 100g-1; cinza 60,68 g 100g-1 A conversão alimentar e o ganho de peso para os tratamentos foram, respectivamente: 1,26 e 15,76g; 1,11 e 17,07g; 1,19 e 17,81g; 1,18 e 19,83g; 1,47 e 14,64g. Nenhuma diferença significativa (P<0,05) foi encontrada entre os tratamentos. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade da utilização de até 15 por cento de silagem na substituição da farinha de peixe, em rações para peixes carnívoros.

Fatty acid composition of acid, biological and enzymatic fish silage

The use of the fish silage as an ingredient in feed for aquatic organisms is an alternative to solve sanitary and environmental problems caused by the lack of an adequate destination for the residues generated by the fishing industry. It would also lower the costs with feed, and consequently the fish production costs, since the expenses with the fedd account for approximately 60 per cent of the total cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid composition of the acid silage (AS), biological silage (BS) and enzymatic silage (ES) produced from discardings of the culture and from processing residues of the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus). The values found for lipids (dry matter basis) were: 12.45; 12.25 and 12.17 g 100 g-1 for BS, AS and ES, respectivelly. The fatty acids present in the lipid fraction of the silages are predominantly unsaturated. Oleic acid was present inlarger amounts (30.49, 28.60 and 30.60 g 100 g-1 of lipids for BS, AS and ES, respectivelly. Amoung saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids were present in larger amounts. Only traces of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic from discardings of the culture and processing residues of the Nile tilapia are not a good source of EPA and DHA for fish feeds.

Use of fish waste as silage: a review

The use of fish silage as a substitute for protein ingredients in rations for aquatic organisms is an alternative to solve sanitary and environmental problems caused by the lack of adequate disposition for the waste from the fish industry. Besides, it is also a way of decreasing feeding costs, and, consequently, fish production costs, since feeding corresponds to about 60 percent of the overall expenses with production. The objective of this review was to discuss the use of fish waste, the elaboration of chemical silage and the use of this ingredient in feed for aquaculture.

A utilização da silagem de pescado como substituto de ingredientes protéicos em rações para organismos aquáticos surge como alternativa para solucionar os problemas de ordem sanitária e ambiental causados pela falta de destino adequado dos resíduos gerados pela indústria do pescado, além de diminuir os custos com alimentação e conseqüentemente os custos de produção do pescado, já que os gastos com a alimentação correspondem a aproximadamente 60 por cento do custo total. Esta revisão teve por objetivo discutir a respeito do aproveitamento do resíduo de pescado, elaboração de silagem química e a utilização desta como ingrediente para ração destinada à aqüicultura.

A silagem de pescado na alimentação de organismos aquáticos / Fish silage in the feeding of aquatic organisms

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer o potencial da silagem de pescado como ingrediente alternativo à farinha de peixe, princiapl fonte protéica, em rações para a aquicultura com base na literatura nacional e internacional. A revisão abordou os aspectos bioquímicos e nutricionais, as metodologias de produção e o uso da silagem na alimentação de organismos aquáticos, bem como os resultados de diversas pesquisas. É viável a utilização da silagem de pescado como ingrediente (alternativo) potencial em rações para aquicultura e, portanto, as investigações científicas devem prosseguir neste sentido.